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Kenneth John Frost
Kenneth John Frost (October 3, 1934 - August 5, 2013)〔(Kenneth J. Frost (1934 - 2013) )]〕 was a pioneer in the early space program, designing and flying instruments to detect and measure X-rays and gamma-rays in space, primarily from the Sun. He was the first to suggest the use of an active scintillation shield operated in electronic anticoincidence with the primary detector to reduce the background from cosmic ray interactions, an innovation that made sensitive hard X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy possible. He was an American astrophysicist at Goddard Space Flight Center working as a civil servant for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. During his career, he was the project scientist of the Solar Maximum Mission, principal investigator of six science instruments, the head of the Solar Physics Branch, and the Associate Director of Space Sciences.
Frost received the John C. Lindsay Memorial Award in 1982 for his role as Project Scientist and one of the prime instigators of the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM).〔Kenneth J. Frost (1981) (The John C. Lindsay Memorial Awards and Lectures ), NASA. Retrieved on 18 March 2014.〕 The Lindsay Award is Goddard’s highest science award given each year “To recognize the Goddard employee who best exhibits the qualities of broad scientific accomplishments in the area of Space Science.” It is named after John Lindsay, the man who hired Frost more than twenty years earlier and who was responsible for starting the series of Orbiting Solar Observatories (OSOs) that produced many of the advances in solar physics and astrophysics in the 1960s and ‘70s.〔Todd Neff (2010) (From Jars to the Stars: How Ball Came to Build a Comet-Hunting Machine ) Denver, CO.: Earthview Media.〕
==Biography==
Frost was born in Brooklyn, New York, on October 3, 1934, to Casimir and Edna Frost. He graduated in 1952 from Holy Trinity Diocesan High School (then in Brooklyn, now in Hicksville, NY) and obtained a Bachelor of Science degree from Manhattan College in New York City. He participated in the graduate program in the Physics Department of the University of Rochester in upstate New York for one year but left in 1958 before completing his PhD to take up a position with NASA. He was one of the early hires of this new agency and worked first at the Naval Research Laboratory and then at the newly opened Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD. He continued to work at Goddard for his whole career until retiring in 1997. He died, aged 78, on August 5, 2013, at the University of Maryland Medical Center's R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center from complications following a fall at his home in Annapolis, MD.
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